diff --git a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/controller/DqInspectProblemController.java b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/controller/DqInspectProblemController.java
index 11b26c7..3c1b7a0 100644
--- a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/controller/DqInspectProblemController.java
+++ b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/controller/DqInspectProblemController.java
@@ -193,6 +193,18 @@ public class DqInspectProblemController extends JeecgController<DqInspectProblem
         }
     }
 	
+    /**
+     * 根据当前节点类型获取合法父级候选。
+     *
+     * @param nodeType 当前节点类型
+     * @return 父级候选树
+     */
+    @Operation(summary="dq_inspect_problem-父级候选")
+    @GetMapping(value = "/parentOptions")
+    public Result<List<Map<String, Object>>> parentOptions(@RequestParam(name = "nodeType") String nodeType) {
+        return Result.OK(dqInspectProblemService.queryParentOptions(nodeType));
+    }
+	
 	/**
 	 *   添加
 	 *
diff --git a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/IDqInspectProblemService.java b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/IDqInspectProblemService.java
index d53b852..6645066 100644
--- a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/IDqInspectProblemService.java
+++ b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/IDqInspectProblemService.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
 import org.jeecg.common.exception.JeecgBootException;
 import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * @Description: dq_inspect_problem
@@ -24,6 +25,12 @@ public interface IDqInspectProblemService extends IService<DqInspectProblem> {
 	/**树节点无子节点状态值*/
 	public static final String NOCHILD = "0";
 
+	String NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY = "category";
+
+	String NODE_TYPE_SURFACE = "surface";
+
+	String NODE_TYPE_SPECIFIC = "specific";
+
 	/**
 	 * 新增节点
 	 *
@@ -71,4 +78,12 @@ public interface IDqInspectProblemService extends IService<DqInspectProblem> {
 	 */
 	List<SelectTreeModel> queryListByPid(String pid);
 
+	/**
+	 * 根据当前节点类型，返回合法的父级候选树。
+	 *
+	 * @param nodeType 当前节点类型
+	 * @return 父级候选树
+	 */
+	List<Map<String, Object>> queryParentOptions(String nodeType);
+
 }
diff --git a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/impl/DqInspectProblemServiceImpl.java b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/impl/DqInspectProblemServiceImpl.java
index e4a7236..a04f6c3 100644
--- a/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/impl/DqInspectProblemServiceImpl.java
+++ b/jeecg-module-supervision/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/demo/dqinspectproblem/service/impl/DqInspectProblemServiceImpl.java
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
 
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ public class DqInspectProblemServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<DqInspectProblemMap
 
 	@Override
 	public void addDqInspectProblem(DqInspectProblem dqInspectProblem) {
+        validateAndNormalizeNode(dqInspectProblem, false);
 	   //新增时设置hasChild为0
 	    dqInspectProblem.setHasChild(IDqInspectProblemService.NOCHILD);
 		if(oConvertUtils.isEmpty(dqInspectProblem.getPid())){
@@ -48,9 +51,12 @@ public class DqInspectProblemServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<DqInspectProblemMap
 		if(entity==null) {
 			throw new JeecgBootException("未找到对应实体");
 		}
+        validateAndNormalizeNode(dqInspectProblem, true);
+        // hasChild 由树结构维护，忽略前端提交值，避免编辑时误改父子状态。
+        dqInspectProblem.setHasChild(entity.getHasChild());
 		String old_pid = entity.getPid();
 		String new_pid = dqInspectProblem.getPid();
-		if(!old_pid.equals(new_pid)) {
+		if(!trimToEmpty(old_pid).equals(trimToEmpty(new_pid))) {
 			updateOldParentNode(old_pid);
 			if(oConvertUtils.isEmpty(new_pid)){
 				dqInspectProblem.setPid(IDqInspectProblemService.ROOT_PID_VALUE);
@@ -139,6 +145,136 @@ public class DqInspectProblemServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<DqInspectProblemMap
         return baseMapper.queryListByPid(pid, null);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public List<Map<String, Object>> queryParentOptions(String nodeType) {
+        if (NODE_TYPE_SURFACE.equals(nodeType)) {
+            return queryParentNodesByType(NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY);
+        }
+        if (NODE_TYPE_SPECIFIC.equals(nodeType)) {
+            return querySurfaceParentTree();
+        }
+        return new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 问题清单固定为三层：问题分类 -> 面上问题 -> 具体问题。
+     * 服务层兜底校验层级，避免绕过前端直接提交非法关系。
+     */
+    private void validateAndNormalizeNode(DqInspectProblem dqInspectProblem, boolean update) {
+        if (dqInspectProblem == null) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("表单数据不能为空");
+        }
+        String nodeType = trimToEmpty(dqInspectProblem.getNodeType());
+        if (!NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY.equals(nodeType) && !NODE_TYPE_SURFACE.equals(nodeType) && !NODE_TYPE_SPECIFIC.equals(nodeType)) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("请选择正确的问题种类");
+        }
+        dqInspectProblem.setNodeType(nodeType);
+
+        if (NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY.equals(nodeType)) {
+            dqInspectProblem.setPid(ROOT_PID_VALUE);
+            clearSpecificFields(dqInspectProblem);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String pid = trimToEmpty(dqInspectProblem.getPid());
+        if (oConvertUtils.isEmpty(pid) || ROOT_PID_VALUE.equals(pid)) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("请选择上一级问题");
+        }
+        if (update && pid.equals(dqInspectProblem.getId())) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("上一级问题不能选择自身");
+        }
+        if (update && isDescendantOf(pid, dqInspectProblem.getId())) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("上一级问题不能选择当前节点的下级节点");
+        }
+
+        DqInspectProblem parent = baseMapper.selectById(pid);
+        if (parent == null) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("上一级问题不存在");
+        }
+        String expectedParentType = NODE_TYPE_SURFACE.equals(nodeType) ? NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY : NODE_TYPE_SURFACE;
+        if (!expectedParentType.equals(parent.getNodeType())) {
+            throw new JeecgBootException("上一级问题类型不正确");
+        }
+        dqInspectProblem.setPid(pid);
+
+        if (!NODE_TYPE_SPECIFIC.equals(nodeType)) {
+            clearSpecificFields(dqInspectProblem);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void clearSpecificFields(DqInspectProblem dqInspectProblem) {
+        dqInspectProblem.setInspectAdvice(null);
+        dqInspectProblem.setQuestionResLeader(null);
+        dqInspectProblem.setQuestionResDept(null);
+    }
+
+    private String trimToEmpty(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDescendantOf(String possibleChildId, String parentId) {
+        if (oConvertUtils.isEmpty(possibleChildId) || oConvertUtils.isEmpty(parentId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        DqInspectProblem node = baseMapper.selectById(possibleChildId);
+        while (node != null && !ROOT_PID_VALUE.equals(node.getPid())) {
+            if (parentId.equals(node.getPid())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            node = baseMapper.selectById(node.getPid());
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private List<Map<String, Object>> queryParentNodesByType(String nodeType) {
+        List<DqInspectProblem> nodes = baseMapper.selectList(
+                new QueryWrapper<DqInspectProblem>()
+                        .eq("node_type", nodeType)
+                        .orderByAsc("sort_no", "create_time")
+        );
+        List<Map<String, Object>> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DqInspectProblem node : nodes) {
+            result.add(toTreeOption(node, false));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private List<Map<String, Object>> querySurfaceParentTree() {
+        List<DqInspectProblem> categories = baseMapper.selectList(
+                new QueryWrapper<DqInspectProblem>()
+                        .eq("node_type", NODE_TYPE_CATEGORY)
+                        .orderByAsc("sort_no", "create_time")
+        );
+        List<Map<String, Object>> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DqInspectProblem category : categories) {
+            Map<String, Object> categoryOption = toTreeOption(category, true);
+            List<DqInspectProblem> surfaces = baseMapper.selectList(
+                    new QueryWrapper<DqInspectProblem>()
+                            .eq("pid", category.getId())
+                            .eq("node_type", NODE_TYPE_SURFACE)
+                            .orderByAsc("sort_no", "create_time")
+            );
+            List<Map<String, Object>> children = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (DqInspectProblem surface : surfaces) {
+                children.add(toTreeOption(surface, false));
+            }
+            categoryOption.put("children", children);
+            result.add(categoryOption);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Object> toTreeOption(DqInspectProblem node, boolean disabled) {
+        Map<String, Object> option = new HashMap<>();
+        option.put("key", node.getId());
+        option.put("value", node.getId());
+        option.put("title", node.getProblemName());
+        option.put("label", node.getProblemName());
+        option.put("nodeType", node.getNodeType());
+        option.put("disabled", disabled);
+        return option;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public List<SelectTreeModel> queryListByPid(String pid) {
         if (oConvertUtils.isEmpty(pid)) {